See also Global mean surface temperature (GMST) and Land surface air temperature. Global Tropical Cyclone Activity and Climate Warming. Key drivers of future climate and the basis on which projections are made. In the case of global mean surface temperature, the IPCC AR5 presents a strong body of scientific evidence that most of the global warming observed over the past half century is very likely due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. The global temperature record represents an average over the entire surface of the planet. 2.1. Projections of greenhouse gas emissions vary over a wide range, depending on both socio-economic development and climate … https://archive.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/index.php?idp=5 To squeeze or stretch the graph in either direction, hold your Shift key down, then click and drag. Cumulative emissions of CO 2 largely determine global mean surface warming by the late 21st century and beyond. Global mean surface temperature increase as a function of cumulative total global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from various lines of evidence. Explore this interactive graph: Click and drag to display different parts of the graph. 3. But modeling clouds and their effects has proven difficult. In these pathways global average temperature increases above pre-industrial are limited to below 1.6°C over the 21st century and below 1.5°C by 2100 (typically 1.3°C). Global warming . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the established global authority on climate change, acknowledges this in its most recent Assessment report, from 2013: The simulation of clouds in climate models remains challenging. Underlying published IPCC … Their best estimate is … The temperatures we experience locally and in short periods can fluctuate significantly due to predictable cyclical events (night and day, summer and winter) and hard-to-predict wind and precipitation patterns. The estimated increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) averaged over a 30-year period, or the 30-year period centered on a particular year or decade, expressed relative to pre-industrial levels unless otherwise specified. Since 1990, global surface temperatures have warmed at a rate of about 0.15°C per decade, within the range of model projections of about 0.10 to 0.35°C per decade. The report found that the global mean surface temperature change by 2100 is likely to exceed 2.7°F relative to the period betwen 1850-1900 in all but one of the emissions scenarios. The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC for short) is a highly influential organisation that has heavily shaped public and scientific opinion on climate change. Put it all together, and the IPCC is 95 percent confident that humans have caused most of the observed global surface warming over the past 60 years.